Political Thought, Knowledge and its Characteristics of Mongolians in the Early Twentieth Century

Abstract

This paper examines the historical roots and internal evolution of Mongolian political thinking and political knowledge. The aim is generally to clarify at the theoretical level that the conditions for the formation of political thinking relate (1) to the creation of political life and state institutions; (2) to the differentiation of culture and science, literacy, the development of scientific research topics; and (3) to the strong influence of social group interests and ideological needs; and to explain this with the historical example of Mongolia. It should be emphasized here that although there are no early records of Mongolian political thought dating back to the Xiongnu years, there are little written records between the third-thirteenth centuries, so the method of reconstruction depends on evidence.

In addition, sources of historical research in political thought were organized into categories such as historical documents, legal documents, oral traditions, thinking and writings, documents of states and politicians, magazines, and party and state documents. It was stressed that the national revival in the early 20^th century, the 1911 independence process, and the reform and legal reform efforts of the Bogd Khanate stimulated political and legal thinking. Political research from the 1920-1990s, dominated by Marxist theories and methodologies, is considered to be particularly important in the formation of the basis of political knowledge, research experience and human resources, as well as the formation of humanistic social values in modern political science since the 1990s.